Jamini Roy, born on April 11, 1887, in Beliatore, a small village in Bengal, India, emerged as one of the most influential and celebrated Indian artists of the 20th century. His journey from a traditional artistic background to the forefront of the contemporary art scene is a testament to his unwavering commitment to both his cultural roots and the evolution of artistic expression in the country.
Early in his life, Jamini Roy showed a keen interest in art and was enrolled in the Government School of Art in Kolkata in 1903. There, he underwent formal training in academic art under the guidance of British instructors, absorbing European techniques and styles. However, it was during his formative years that he encountered a significant turning point that would shape his artistic identity.
In the early 1920s, Jamini Roy broke away from the constraints of academic art and turned his attention to the folk and rural art traditions of Bengal, particularly Kalighat paintings. This marked a pivotal moment in his career, as he sought inspiration from the vibrant and expressive folk-art forms that resonated with the cultural ethos of his native Bengal. Kalighat paintings, known for their bold lines, vivid colours, and narrative themes, profoundly influenced Jamini Roy's artistic style. He embraced the simplicity and directness of these folk-art traditions, departing from the intricacies of academic art.
In his pursuit of a more rooted and accessible art form, Jamini Roy began experimenting with indigenous materials and techniques. He utilized earthy pigments, such as lamp black and geru, and employed traditional materials like hand-made paper, woven mats and cloth instead of canvas. His subjects drew inspiration from Indian mythology, folklore, and everyday rural life, reflecting a deep connection to his cultural heritage.
Jamini Roy's unique artistic approach garnered widespread acclaim, earning him both national and international recognition. His work was exhibited across the globe, and he received numerous awards and honours, including the Padma Bhushan in 1955.